---
name: "ms365-tenant-manager"
description: "Use for Microsoft 365 tenant administration (Entra ID users, Exchange Online, Teams, licenses, Conditional Access, compliance reports). Plans setup with tenant_setup.py, bulk-manages users with user_management.py and generates PowerShell with powershell_generator.py."
---
# Microsoft 365 Tenant Manager
Expert guidance and automation for Microsoft 365 Global Administrators managing tenant setup, user lifecycle, security policies, and organizational optimization.
---
## Quick Start
### Run a Security Audit
```powershell
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Directory.Read.All","Policy.Read.All","AuditLog.Read.All"
Get-MgSubscribedSku | Select-Object SkuPartNumber, ConsumedUnits, @{N="Total";E={$_.PrepaidUnits.Enabled}}
Get-MgPolicyAuthorizationPolicy | Select-Object AllowInvitesFrom, DefaultUserRolePermissions
```
### Bulk Provision Users from CSV
```powershell
# CSV columns: DisplayName, UserPrincipalName, Department, LicenseSku
Import-Csv .\new_users.csv | ForEach-Object {
$passwordProfile = @{ Password = (New-Guid).ToString().Substring(0,16) + "!"; ForceChangePasswordNextSignIn = $true }
New-MgUser -DisplayName $_.DisplayName -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName `
-Department $_.Department -AccountEnabled -PasswordProfile $passwordProfile
}
```
### Create a Conditional Access Policy (MFA for Admins)
```powershell
$adminRoles = (Get-MgDirectoryRole | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -match "Admin" }).Id
$policy = @{
DisplayName = "Require MFA for Admins"
State = "enabledForReportingButNotEnforced" # Start in report-only mode
Conditions = @{ Users = @{ IncludeRoles = $adminRoles } }
GrantControls = @{ Operator = "OR"; BuiltInControls = @("mfa") }
}
New-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy -BodyParameter $policy
```
### Bundled Python Generators
Three stdlib tools generate the PowerShell artifacts deterministically — prefer them over hand-writing scripts for bulk/repeatable work. Sample input: `sample_input.json`; expected shape: `expected_output.json`.
```bash
# Tenant setup: checklist + DNS records + license plan (JSON), or the full setup script
python3 scripts/tenant_setup.py --config sample_input.json --format json -o tenant_plan.json
python3 scripts/tenant_setup.py --config sample_input.json --format powershell -o tenant_setup.ps1
# User lifecycle: validate first, then generate creation/offboarding scripts
python3 scripts/user_management.py --domain acme.com --action validate --users users.json
python3 scripts/user_management.py --domain acme.com --action create --users users.json -o create_users.ps1
python3 scripts/user_management.py --domain acme.com --action offboard --user-email [email protected] -o offboard.ps1
# Admin scripts: CA policy / security audit / bulk licensing
python3 scripts/powershell_generator.py --tenant-domain acme.com --task conditional-access --policy-config policy.json -o ca_policy.ps1
python3 scripts/powershell_generator.py --tenant-domain acme.com --task security-audit -o audit.ps1
python3 scripts/powershell_generator.py --tenant-domain acme.com --task bulk-license --users-csv users.csv --license-sku ENTERPRISEPACK -o licenses.ps1
```
**Gate:** for user creation, run `--action validate` first and require every entry to report `"is_valid": true` before generating the creation script. Review every generated `.ps1` against the workflows below before running it in the tenant.
---
## Workflows
### Workflow 1: New Tenant Setup
**Step 1: Generate Setup Checklist**
Run `python3 scripts/tenant_setup.py --config tenant.json --format json` and work through `setup_checklist` phase by phase; `dns_records` feeds Step 2 and `license_recommendations` feeds the licensing workflow.
Confirm prerequisites before provisioning:
- Global Admin account created and secured with MFA
- Custom domain purchased and accessible for DNS edits
- License SKUs confirmed (E3 vs E5 feature requirements noted)
**Step 2: Configure and Verify DNS Records**
```powershell
# After adding the domain in the M365 admin center, verify propagation before proceeding
$domain = "company.com"
Resolve-DnsName -Name "_msdcs.$domain" -Type NS -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
# Also run from a shell prompt:
# nslookup -type=MX company.com
# nslookup -type=TXT company.com # confirm SPF record
```
Wait for DNS propagation (up to 48 h) before bulk user creation.
**Step 3: Apply Security Baseline**
```powershell
# Disable legacy authentication (blocks Basic Auth protocols)
$policy = @{
DisplayName = "Block Legacy Authentication"
State = "enabled"
Conditions = @{ ClientAppTypes = @("exchangeActiveSync","other") }
GrantControls = @{ Operator = "OR"; BuiltInControls = @("block") }
}
New-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy -BodyParameter $policy
# Enable unified audit log
Set-AdminAuditLogConfig -UnifiedAuditLogIngestionEnabled $true
```
**Step 4: Provision Users**
```powershell
$licenseSku = (Get-MgSubscribedSku | Where-Object { $_.SkuPartNumber -eq "ENTERPRISEPACK" }).SkuId
Import-Csv .\employees.csv | ForEach-Object {
try {
$user = New-MgUser -DisplayName $_.DisplayName -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName `
-AccountEnabled -PasswordProfile @{ Password = (New-Guid).ToString().Substring(0,12)+"!"; ForceChangePasswordNextSignIn = $true }
Set-MgUserLicense -UserId $user.Id -AddLicenses @(@{ SkuId = $licenseSku }) -RemoveLicenses @()
Write-Host "Provisioned: $($_.UserPrincipalName)"
} catch {
Write-Warning "Failed $($_.UserPrincipalName): $_"
}
}
```
**Validation:** Spot-check 3–5 accounts in the M365 admin portal; confirm licenses show "Active."
---
### Workflow 2: Security Hardening
**Step 1: Run Security Audit**
```powershell
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Directory.Read.All","Policy.Read.All","AuditLog.Read.All","Reports.Read.All"
# Export Conditional Access policy inventory
Get-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy | Select-Object DisplayName, State |
Export-Csv .\ca_policies.csv -NoTypeInformation
# Find accounts without MFA registered
$report = Get-MgReportAuthenticationMethodUserRegistrationDetail
$report | Where-Object { -not $_.IsMfaRegistered } |
Select-Object UserPrincipalName, IsMfaRegistered |
Export-Csv .\no_mfa_users.csv -NoTypeInformation
Write-Host "Audit complete. Review ca_policies.csv and no_mfa_users.csv."
```
**Step 2: Create MFA Policy (report-only first)**
```powershell
$policy = @{
DisplayName = "Require MFA All Users"
State = "enabledForReportingButNotEnforced"
Conditions = @{ Users = @{ IncludeUsers = @("All") } }
GrantControls = @{ Operator = "OR"; BuiltInControls = @("mfa") }
}
New-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy -BodyParameter $policy
```
**Validation:** After 48 h, review Sign-in logs in Entra ID; confirm expected users would be challenged, then change `State` to `"enabled"`.
**Step 3: Review Secure Score**
```powershell
# Retrieve current Secure Score and top improvement actions
Get-MgSecuritySecureScore -Top 1 | Select-Object CurrentScore, MaxScore, ActiveUserCount
Get-MgSecuritySecureScoreControlProfile | Sort-Object -Property ActionType |
Select-Object Title, ImplementationStatus, MaxScore | Format-Table -AutoSize
```
---
### Workflow 3: User Offboarding
**Step 1: Block Sign-in and Revoke Sessions**
```powershell
$upn = "[email protected]"
$user = Get-MgUser -Filter "userPrincipalName eq '$upn'"
# Block sign-in immediately
Update-MgUser -UserId $user.Id -AccountEnabled:$false
# Revoke all active tokens
Invoke-MgInvalidateAllUserRefreshToken -UserId $user.Id
Write-Host "Sign-in blocked and sessions revoked for $upn"
```
**Step 2: Preview with -WhatIf (license removal)**
```powershell
# Identify assigned licenses
$licenses = (Get-MgUserLicenseDetail -UserId $user.Id).SkuId
# Dry-run: print what would be removed
$licenses | ForEach-Object { Write-Host "[WhatIf] Would remove SKU: $_" }
```
**Step 3: Execute Offboarding**
```powershell
# Remove licenses
Set-MgUserLicense -UserId $user.Id -AddLicenses @() -RemoveLicenses $licenses
# Convert mailbox to shared (requires ExchangeOnlineManagement module)
Set-Mailbox -Identity $upn -Type Shared
# Remove from all groups
Get-MgUserMemberOf -UserId $user.Id | ForEach-Object {
try { Remove-MgGroupMemberByRef -GroupId $_.Id -DirectoryObjectId $user.Id } catch {}
}
Write-Host "Offboarding complete for $upn"
```
**Validation:** Confirm in the M365 admin portal that the account shows "Blocked," has no active licenses, and the mailbox type is "Shared."
---
## Best Practices
### Tenant Setup
1. Enable MFA before adding users
2. Configure named locations for Conditional Access
3. Use separate admin accounts with PIM
4. Verify custom domains (and DNS propagation) before bulk user creation
5. Apply Microsoft Secure Score recommendations
### Security Operations
1. Start Conditional Access policies in report-only mode
2. Review Sign-in logs for 48 h before enforcing a new policy
3. Never hardcode credentials in scripts — use Azure Key Vault or `Get-Credential`
4. Enable unified audit logging for all operations
5. Conduct quarterly security reviews and Secure Score check-ins
### PowerShell Automation
1. Prefer Microsoft Graph (`Microsoft.Graph` module) over legacy MSOnline
2. Include `try/catch` blocks for error handling
3. Implement `Write-Host`/`Write-Warning` logging for audit trails
4. Use `-WhatIf` or dry-run output before bulk destructive operations
5. Test in a non-production tenant first
---
## Reference Guides
**references/powershell-templates.md**
- Ready-to-use script templates
- Conditional Access policy examples
- Bulk user provisioning scripts
- Security audit scripts
**references/security-policies.md**
- Conditional Access configuration
- MFA enforcement strategies
- DLP and retention policies
- Security baseline settings
**references/troubleshooting.md**
- Common error resolutions
- PowerShell module issues
- Permission troubleshooting
- DNS propagation problems
---
## Limitations
| Constraint | Impact |
|------------|--------|
| Global Admin required | Full tenant setup needs highest privilege |
| API rate limits | Bulk operations may be throttled |
| License dependencies | E3/E5 required for advanced features |
| Hybrid scenarios | On-premises AD needs additional configuration |
| PowerShell prerequisites | Microsoft.Graph module required |
### Required PowerShell Modules
```powershell
Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser
Install-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement -Scope CurrentUser
Install-Module MicrosoftTeams -Scope CurrentUser
```
### Required Permissions
- **Global Administrator** — Full tenant setup
- **User Administrator** — User management
- **Security Administrator** — Security policies
- **Exchange Administrator** — Mailbox management