---
name: "universal-scraping-architect"
description: "Scrape websites, crawl pages, extract documents or parse APIs, and validate what was extracted, via Firecrawl or local Python. Use whenever the user wants data pulled from a site, PDF or API, or a scraper breaks."
---
# Universal Scraping Architect
Design complete, robust data-extraction pipelines with intelligent routing, validation, and token-budget tracking — not brittle one-off scripts.
**Dependency Notice:** BYOK (Bring Your Own Key) pattern for Firecrawl; API keys must only be loaded via environment variables. Per-script dependencies:
| Script | Dependencies | Exact CLI |
|---|---|---|
| `scripts/validate_extraction.py` | stdlib only | `python3 scripts/validate_extraction.py output.json --json` |
| `scripts/firecrawl_example.py` | `firecrawl`, `requests` (template; `--sample` runs offline) | `python3 scripts/firecrawl_example.py --sample` |
| `scripts/local_bs4_example.py` | `beautifulsoup4`, `pandas` (template; `--sample` runs offline) | `python3 scripts/local_bs4_example.py --sample` |
## Before Starting
**Check for context first:**
If `project-context.md` exists, read it before asking questions. Determine the target data format, scale of extraction, and deployment environment before writing any code.
## How This Skill Works
This skill supports 3 extraction modes based on intelligent routing:
### Mode 1: API-Driven (Firecrawl)
Use when the source is a public URL, heavily dynamic (JS/SPA), requires search-first discovery, or involves bulk crawling across a domain.
### Mode 2: Local Python (Traditional)
Use when extracting from local files (PDF, Excel, CSV), the data is private/sensitive, or the target is a simple static HTML page where Firecrawl is overkill.
### Mode 3: Hybrid Pipeline
Use when Firecrawl handles URL discovery/web extraction, but local Python (Pandas) is required to clean, normalize, and structure the output before saving.
## The Extraction Pipeline
When executing a scraping task, always follow this sequence:
1. **Route the Approach:** Explicitly state whether Firecrawl or Local Python is being used and why.
2. **Track Budgets:** Estimate Firecrawl API quotas or LLM token context limits before executing large jobs.
3. **Extract Safely:** Implement checkpointing for multi-page jobs. Handle pagination and dynamic layouts gracefully. Start from the editable runner templates — `scripts/firecrawl_example.py` (Mode 1) or `scripts/local_bs4_example.py` (Mode 2); run each with `--sample` first to see the expected summary shape without network access.
4. **Validate & Clean:** Run `python3 scripts/validate_extraction.py extracted_output.json --json` on every extraction result before delivering it. It exits 0 only on `{"status": "ok"}`; `warning` (empty output) or `error` (malformed JSON) exit 1 — fix and re-extract, never ship unvalidated data. Beyond this structural gate, also check required fields and duplicates against the pipeline spec before delivering.
5. **Format:** Default to CSV for tabular data, JSON for nested structures, and Markdown for clean text.
## Proactive Triggers
Surface these issues WITHOUT being asked when you notice them in context:
- **Hardcoded API Keys** → Flag immediately and rewrite to use `os.getenv('FIRECRAWL_API_KEY')`.
- **Private Data Leakage** → If the user asks to send local, sensitive files to an external API, flag the privacy risk and suggest Mode 2 (Local Python).
- **Missing Pagination** → If the target implies hundreds of records but no pagination logic is requested, flag it and add checkpointing.
## Output Artifacts
| When you ask for... | You get... |
|---------------------|------------|
| "Scrape this site" | A fully validated Python extraction script with routing logic and error handling. |
| "Get data from this table" | A clean CSV/JSON dataset with a summary log of row counts and empty values. |
| "Crawl these docs" | A Markdown deliverable chunked for LLM token limits. |
## Anti-Patterns
- **Brittle Selectors:** Never use highly nested CSS selectors (e.g., `div > span > ul > li:nth-child(3)`). Use data attributes or robust structural anchors.
- **Ignoring Etiquette:** Never scrape without checking `robots.txt` or implementing sensible rate limits.
- **No Validation:** Never blindly write scraped data to a file without checking if the array is empty or missing critical keys.
## Related Skills
- **data-cleaning**: Use when the scraped data requires complex statistical normalization or deduplication.
- **browser-automation**: Use for highly interactive scraping requiring user emulation (clicks, logins) where Firecrawl is insufficient.
## More in this skill
Load these only when the task needs them.
- [references/firecrawl-technical-guide.md](references/firecrawl-technical-guide.md) — Firecrawl Technical Guide
- [references/local-extraction-patterns.md](references/local-extraction-patterns.md) — Local Extraction Patterns (BeautifulSoup + pandas)
- [references/scraping-ethics-security.md](references/scraping-ethics-security.md) — Scraping Ethics, Robots.txt, and Security